الجدل السالب عند أدورنو في نقد ثنائية الهوليستية والفردانية

Résumé

Sociologies vary between those that advocate "action" (individualism) and those that favor "structure" (holism). The starting point of holism is "society" as a whole since the actions of individuals are the product of social determination. At the same time "individualism" focuses on "individuals" since society is the product of their actions. Efforts have been made to reconcile the two dimensions to find a middle ground. However, this is a false debate for the Critical theory because the individual and society are not two distinct entities. Moreover, this analogy is reductive because the relationship between the two entities is dialectical. This necessitates a critical approach, that of criticism immanent in praxis. The problem statement referred to the relationship between "theory" and "reality", and it is in this context that Theodor Adorno drove attention to the “singular” because of the lack of confidence in the “totality," which he traced back to the period of scholasticism. Should we then study individuals' characteristics and common points and thus challenge their specificities, or on the contrary, focus on individual experience without focusing on common and generalizable characteristics? This is the central question that this article will attempt to answer.