Recovery of Graphite from Lithium Ion Batteries Leaching using Sulfuric Acid as Anode Materials
Abstract
Used lithium-ion battery can be recycled and reused as a new battery component. Separation of graphite by mechanical method was carried out to remove plastic components. The graphite obtained was washed using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and leached in H2SO4. The residue obtained was heated in furnace at 500°C for 1 hour using N2 atmosphere. FTIR and XRD characterizations were carried out to compare anode materials that obtained by mechanical process only and by leaching process. The FTIR characterization showed that DMC and NMP washed graphite, H2SO4 and H2O2 leached graphite did not show any significant differences in term of their functional groups. XRD results indicated that the residue that obtained were graphite that in accordance with JCPDS 96-901-2231. The 2θ diffraction peaks of DMC and NMP washed graphite, H2SO4 and H2O2 leached graphite were at 26.37°, 26.32° and 26.33°, respectively. The diffractogram peak of LiMn2O4 impurities in spent graphite at 18.70°, was no longer appears on the treated graphite. It is because the LiMn2O4 has dissolved in the sulfuric acid. SEM images of washed graphite and leached graphite show similar morphology. The graphite obtained has the potential to be reused as anode material for new lithium-ion battery.