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The commercial zirconia nanopowder was modified using sulfuric acid and calcium oxide to synthesize SO₄/ZrO₂ and Zr/CaO catalysts. The wet impregnation technique was utilized to obtain SO₄/ZrO₂ acid catalyst, and the Zr/CaO base catalyst was produced as well using reflux method through the microwave heating process. The highest total acidity of SO₄/ZrO₂ catalyst was treated by 0.9 M H₂SO₄ and 500 °C of calcination temperature, and this catalyst was succeeded in reducing used coconut cooking oil FFA from 1.18% to 0.42% in the esterification process. The highest total alkalinity was reached using 1% w/w Zr/CaO and 900 °C of calcination temperature, and this catalyst was applied in the transesterification stage and successfully converted used coconut cooking oil into biodiesel by 62.25%. The formation of biodiesel was confirmed by the presence of methyl laurate (50.48%), methyl myristate (19.05%), methyl stearate (11.05%), methyl 11-octadecanoic (6.09%), methyl octanoate (5.25%), methyl decanoate (5.05%), and methyl octadecanoate (3.03%).