The objective of this contribution is to bring out the elements likely to justify the practice of diversity in Human Resource Management (HRM) within cameroonian very small businesses. The data come from 205 very small enterprises and are analyzed using the Stata 15 software. Following descriptive analyzes, Pearson-Chi2 independence tests and linear regression, the results highlight the following elements as determinants of diversity in HRM of very small businesses: organizational performance, social performance, economic performance, political reputation, attraction and retention of talent, capacity for innovation, inclusive managerial culture. Although this work does not take into account all the variables of diversity, the owners/managers integrate into their HRM policy factors such as age, sex, level of education, type of training, number of ethnicities and job language.