This work belongs to the Industrial Economics discipline. The latter comes to an intermediate level of analysis between macro and microeconomics. The field of mesoeconomics is to identify the understanding of how sectors. The sectorial analysis thus seems promising to meet these scientific expectations. The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the important role the revival of the fertilizer industry in Algeria for economic diversification. The agriculture sector is the strong link in this process, and benefits greatly. The study resulted in the presentation of the issues and prospects of the fertilizer industry, as well as its strengths, allowing it to meet the challenges of resource recovery and diversification of the national economy.