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Bank crises are at the heart of almost all contemporary financial crises. Although it is the subject of several research projects, the regulation of the banking sector is still, with the resurgence of crises, at the heart of the concerns of monetary authorities and researchers. Indeed, the prevention of banking panics is still a priority, especially for countries whose banking sector remains fragile. With the latest sub-prime crisis of 2008, new regulatory measures were adopted by the states. The purpose of this article is to recall the theoretical framework underlying the regulation of the banking sector based on the models of Diamond and Dybvig (1983), Postlewaite and Vives (1987). Despite undeniable progress achieved at the end of each crisis, the latest new measures advocated do not exhaust all the aspects related to the regulation of the banking sector. Indeed, the threats of major banking crises are still present.