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The article aims to examine the investment in knowledge at the private industrial SME’s level in Algeria. Many theoretical studies have shown the importance of tacit knowledge in attainment of competitive advantage in several emerging economies. Our analysis angle, referring to Polanyi's basic theoretical model, reveals the idea of exploiting the tacit knowledge accumulated over the years by the remaining workers, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, professional experience gained by employees who have changed jobs and retired staff. As a result, the examination of the different branches of activity of the Algerian private industrial SME suggests integrating tacit knowledge as a new source of competitiveness in order to revitalize this type of company and stimulate innovation.