REVIEW : Synthesis of nanoparticles and nanocomposite of WO3

Abstract

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) is a semiconductor that can be used in a wide variety of applications such as semiconductor gas devices, electronic devices, and photocatalysts. WO₃ can be proposed as a substitute for TiO₂ because it has a narrow bandgap property, which makes this material active in the UV-Vis spectrum. The purpose of writing this paper is to conduct a literature review on the synthesis of WO₃ nanoparticles and nanocomposites using a review method on 50 literature from 2000 to 2020 by reviewing several methods such as hydrothermal methods, sol-gel, low-temperature hydrolysis and, water-in-oil microemulsion in sucrose esters, calcination, flame-assisted spray pyrolysis, ultrasonic, and microwave irradiation. Besides, it is also reviewed based on several starting materials such as sodium tungsten dihydrate, AMT (ammonium metatungsten), ammonium tungstate hydrate, H₂WO₄, phosphotungsten acid, Cl₆W, and W powder.