Anthropogenic pressures on Algerian coast water are increasing. The protection of bathers and seafood consumers against toxic microalgae presents a major challenge in Algeria. We present in this paper a criticism of microalgal monitoring in coastal waters. This work describes the key elements of a medium-term strategy that needs to be used. A monitoring network based on toxic phytoplankton must be established in Algeria. Its objective is to detect potential toxin-producing phytoplankton species in water.