GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY IN EVALUATION OF GEOSTATISTICAL HEAVY METALS SOIL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYIN YENAGOA METROPOLIS, BAYELSA STATE NIGERIA
D. R. ETEH, E. E. FRANCIS, I.T. AJOKO
Abstract
This research concentrates on heavy metals in urban soil in Yenagoa metropolis including 3D modeling of the environment by applying GIS and remote sensing techniques to evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metal in the soil for better visualization of contamination zone and non-contamination zone. The results reveal that the spatial pattern of heavy metals is successfully interpolated based on situ data by using Ordinary Kriging technique. It also shows the absence of contamination in the area expect dumpsites in soil 1 in Akenfa,2 13,19 in Etegwe, and 20 in Swail. Pearson Correlation Coefficient is significant for the following heavy metals P >0.05 at Zn-Pb, Fe- Zn, Cr-Zn, Mn-Fe, and Correlation is Highly Significant at P > 0.01 Fe-Pb, Cu-Pb, Cu-Zn, Cu-Fe, Cd-Pb, Cd-Zn, Cd-Fe, Cd-Cu, Cr-Pb, Cr-Fe, Cr-Cu, Cr-Cd, Ni-Pb, Ni-Zn, Ni-Fe, Ni-Cu, Ni-Cd, Ni-Cr, Mn-Zn, Mn-Cu, Mn-Cd, and two Principal Component Analysis were found. The first principal component explained 80.324 % and the second principal component explained 18.922 % of the total variance, which indicates two sources of heavy metals in the area. besides that, urban development in the area is about 23 % of the landmass. The impacts of pollution on soil are found close to the river making the river water in the area not suitable to be used for drinking and watching household items due it serves as a dumpsite. Therefore, the area lack of environmental law and need to embark on site suitable for landfill using GIS and Remote sensing