Pests and Diseases of Capers: Risks, Management, and Perspectives for Sustainable Cultivation in Morocco

Abstract

Abstract 

The caper plant holds significant ecological and socio-economic value in Morocco, offering promising prospects within agricultural development strategies. However, despite its adaptation to arid and semi-arid environments, this plant faces significant challenges from pests and diseases. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the main threats to the caper plant, cataloging pest species such as Lepidoptera, Heteroptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera, as well as diseases caused by viruses and phytopathogenic fungi. From the current situation in Morocco, it is clear that several pests are increasingly problematic for caper producers, particularly the bug Bagrada hilaris, which poses a significant challenge. Additionally, polyphagous fungi such as Sclerotium rolfsii and Leveillula taurica threaten caper cultivation nationwide. This review also explores integrated pest management (IPM) strategies aimed at reducing losses and ensuring the sustainability of caper production. The article concludes with reflections on current challenges and research priorities for the phytosanitary management of this promising crop, which stands out as a resilient agricultural alternative in the context of climate change.