Prospecting, characterization and conservation of local fig genotypes (Ficus carica L.) in the central Rif.

Abstract

In the Rifaine region the fig tree (Ficus carica L.) represents a great genetic and phenotypic diversity in terms of plant material. We find local genotypes very adapted to the pedoclimatic conditions of the region, hence the need to conserve, exploit and valorize this phylogenetic resource. Prospecting work on local fig tree genotypes allowed identifying ten clones, the characterisation of these genotypes was determined on autumn figs, these characters allowed the distinction between the different genotypes, and a collection was made in order to preserve the plant material of each genotype at the nation national fig tree collection in Ain Taoujdat. The results obtained show significant phenotype variability between the different germplasms, the TABARANT genotype is distinguished from other accessions by its large fruits. Although the two TAZONDRIT and AHACHI genotypes are characterised by their high sugar content, these two genotypes are highly appreciated by farmers in the region. The two AMARAKI and TAMALKIT genotypes are characterised by their small size and low volume. The TAMADJAHT genotype is characterized by a mosaic color between green and red, the taste is slightly salty and the figs bursting before reaching maturity. For the AHOURI genotype, further the autumn fig, it gives a significant yield of flowering figs (El Bakour). These results will contribute to a better use of the fig collection in genetic selection programs, germplasm enrichment, and promotion of fig genetic resources in Morocco.