Exploring the Diversity and Distribution of Terrestrial Arthropods in the Cactus Biosphere Reserve of Morocco

Abstract

The diversity, spatial patterns, and temporal trends of terrestrial arthropod communities in the cactus Biosphere Reserve of Morocco are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, richness, and diversity of arthropods across three sampling sites in the cactus Biosphere. A total of 50,723 arthropods were identified, belonging to 250 morphospecies, 17 orders, and 61 families. Insects were the dominant group, comprising 73% of the total trapped arthropods. The study found significant differences in species abundance and richness among the sampling sites and seasons, with Mettouh having the highest abundance and Zemamra having the highest species richness. The composition of arthropod communities differed among sites, with Settat showing a different fauna adapted to the drier and semi-arid environment. The study also investigated the similarity of arthropod communities among sites during different seasons and the dynamics of the dominant arthropod orders (Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera). Hymenoptera was the most abundant order, with Tapinoma magnum, Pheidole pallidula, and Polistes fuscatus being the most common species. Coleoptera was the most diverse group, followed by Hemiptera. The study also explored the variation in abundance and richness of trophic guilds across four seasons. Significant variations were observed in both abundance and richness among seasons, with the highest abundance during summer and the lowest during winter. Saprophagous was the most abundant group across all seasons, followed by Predators. The richness of trophic guilds changed among seasons, highlighting the importance of understanding seasonal variation for effective ecosystem management and conservation.