Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for the Removal of Basic Dyes from Spinach Stalk Modified by Potassium Hydroxide

Abstract

The presence of organic dyes in the aquatic environment is a serious global problem because of the serious negative consequences on the quality of ecosystems. Among various physico-chemical methods, the adsorption could be considered a promising alternative for removing dyes from aqueous media, due to its efficiency, high selectivity, low cost, ease of operation, simplicity, and availability in a wide range of experimental conditions. However, all these advantages are closely related to the nature of adsorbent material used in the adsorption processes of dyes. The adsorbent materials available in large quantities requiring a simple preparation will enhance the benefits of the adsorption processes, in agreement with the concepts of green chemistry. This research is focused on the use of stalk-based materials, in modified forms, as adsorbents for the removal of dyes from aqueous effluents, with applications in the wastewater treatment. This research addresses characterization of stalk-based adsorbents using fourier transform infrared (FTIR), possible utilization of stalk-based adsorbents in activated form for dye removal. Liquid phase batch operations were carried out to observe the effects of various experimental parameters and optimum conditions were observed at contact time (80 min), adsorbent dose (0.1 g), initial concentration (80 g/L), pH (8), and temperature (30 ◦C)