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Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana (Clusiaceae) is a Brazilian native species found in regions of high luminous intensity and water restriction. There are reports of its use in folk medicine, however, there is little literature information on its chemical composition and structural characterization. The results of the phytochemical study and biological tests conducted by our research group so far have shown that C. fluminensis has great potential to be used as a source of biologically active substances, making its anatomical characterization of fundamental importance. The leaf structure was analyzed through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The leaves epicuticular waxes were analyzed by GC-MS. The leaf is hypostomatic with paracytic stomata and polygonal epidermic cells with 4 to 7 sides. The epidermis is uniseriate, with cuticle, thicker in the adaxial epidermis with cuticular flanges. The dorsiventral mesophyll showed hypodermis in the adaxial surface and numerous druses all over the mesophyll and many secretory ducts in the mesophyll and midvein. The vascular system is constituted by collateral bundles involved in numerous fibers, which in the  midvein are densely grouped. The highest content of epicuticular waxes was obtained from leaves collected in summer. GC-MS data of the waxes indicated a marked presence of triterpenes such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupenone, epifriedelinol and friedelin.