ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION ON INTRA-AFRICA TRADE, MIGRATION PATTERNS, LAND USE, AND SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48346/IMIST.PRSM/ajlp-gs.v7i5.50623Keywords:
Regional Integration, Intra-Africa Trade, Migration Patterns, Land Use, Sustainability, East African Community, Economic Cooperation, Socio-Political CollaborationAbstract
The African continent has witnessed a dynamic shift towards regional integration as a strategic pathway to amplify economic growth, social development, and political cooperation. Within this context, the East African Community (EAC) has emerged as a pivotal example of regional integration efforts. Formed by Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda, the EAC aims to facilitate economic collaboration, encourage political stability, and address shared challenges among its member states. The EAC's journey towards integration dates back to its establishment, characterized by the signing of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community in 1999. Since then, the community has undertaken a series of ambitious initiatives, including the establishment of a common market, the implementation of a single customs territory, and the pursuit of harmonized policies across diverse sectors. These endeavors are geared towards fostering intra-regional trade, promoting the movement of labor, enhancing infrastructure connectivity, and collectively addressing pressing issues such as land use and sustainability. The region's history is marked by both synergies and complexities in trade, migration, land utilization, and sustainability practices. Historically, the EAC countries have shared socio-economic ties and cultural bonds, leading to significant trade and labor flows across borders. However, barriers and disparities have also impeded seamless integration, ranging from tariff obstacles to differing land tenure systems and environmental approaches.
In light of these dynamics, this study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the impacts of regional integration within the EAC on intra-Africa trade, migration patterns, land use strategies, and sustainability objectives. The intent is to discern the intricate ways in which regional integration shapes these facets, while also considering the influence of historical legacies, policy evolution, and socio-economic realities on the ground. By delving into this complex interplay, the study seeks to illuminate both the progress achieved and the challenges that persist in the quest for holistic regional integration within the EAC.
References
Aderounmu, Busayo, Victoria Okafor, Abigail Godwin, Oluwatoyin Matthew, and Romanus Osabohien. "East African trade agreement and continental economic integration: Prospects and constraints for economic development." International Journal of Trade and Global Markets 14, no. 1 (2021): 1.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtgm.2021.10024307
Ambukita, Eric. "Economic Community of West African states as an example of economic integration in Africa." Studia i Prace WNEiZ 53 (2018): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/sip.2018.53/2-01
Amuhaya, Claire Ayuma, Brian Mugabe, and Augustin Ndayisaba. "History of regional integration in East Africa: the case of East African Community." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 05 (May 1, 2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202005statyi13
Anna Cichecka. "EAC – an Answer for Regional Problems or Failed Solutions in East Africa?" Politeja 15, no. 56 (June 18, 2019): 267–77.
Bachmann, Veit, and James D. Sidaway. "African regional integration and European involvement: external agents in the East African Community." South African Geographical Journal 92, no. 1 (June 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2010.480841
Baruti, Rukia. "Investment Facilitation in Regional Economic Integration in Africa: The Cases of COMESA, EAC and SADC." Journal of World Investment & Trade 18, no. 3 (December 26, 2017): 493–529.
Carcel, Hector, Luis A. Gil-Alana, and Godfrey Madigu. "Inflation Convergence in the East African Community: A Fractional Integration and Cointegration Study." Global Economy Journal 15, no. 4 (December 2015): 507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2015-0002
Chande, R. Deepening East African Community (EAC) integration. Edited by Matambalya, Francis A. S. T., Turya-Muhika Sam, and Stahl H. -Michael. Dar es Salaam: German Technical Cooperation, 2007.
Chingarande, Anna, Macleans Mzumara, and Roseline Karambakuwa. "Comparative Advantage and Economic Performance of East African Community (EAC) Member States." Journal of Economics 4, no. 1 (July 2013): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09765239.2013.11884963
Community, East African. The East African Community Development Strategy, 2006-2010. Arusha, Tanzania: EAC Secretariat, 2006.
Daniels, Cecily-Ann Jaqui Monique. "Regional integration in the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite Free Trade Area and the importance of infrastructure development in promoting trade and reducing poverty." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6814_1373463283
Davis, John. "Regional Economic Integration, the Environment and Community: East Asia and APEC." International Review of Applied Economics 17, no. 1 (January 2003): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713673165
Drummond, Paulo Flavio Nacif, Oral Williams, and Syed Khalid S. Wajid. The quest for regional integration in the East African community. Edited by International Monetary Fund. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, 2014.
Ejones, Francis. "Regional Integration and Trade in Agrifood Products: Evidence from the East African Community." Journal of Global Economy 11, no. 3 (September 27, 2015): 212–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v11i3.400
Ejones, Francis, Frank W. Agbola, and Amir Mahmood. "Regional Integration and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence from the East African Community." International Trade Journal 35, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 311–35.
Gastorn, Kennedy, Harald Sippel, and Ulrike Wanitzek. Processes of legal integration in the East African Community. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press, 2011.
Gigineishvili, Nikoloz, Paolo Mauro, and Ke Wang. "How Solid Is Economic Growth in the East African Community?" IMF Working Papers 14, no. 150 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498374941.001
Gurumo, Shabani Rajab. "Assessing the prospects of the New East African Community." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50280
Ibrahimu, Ngabo M. P. "The importance of an effective institutional framework for the realization of regional economic integration objectives: A case study of the East African Community (EAC)." University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7789
Hurrell, Andrew. "Explaining the resurgence of regionalism in world politics." Review of International Studies 21, no. 4 (October 1995): 331–58.
Kaahwa, Wilbert T. K. East African Community: EAC Treaty and challenges to the community. Arusha, Tanzania: East African Community Secretariat in conjunction with the German Agency for Technical Co-operation, 2003.
Kessides, Ioannis N. "Regionalising Infrastructure for Deepening Market Integration: The Case of East Africa." Journal of Infrastructure Development 4, no. 2 (December 2012): 115–38.
Kuzmin, D. V., and D. V. Kuzmin. "East African Community: Demographics and Economic Development." Information and Innovations 15, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 45–51.
Mansour, Nassor M. "East African community: 20 years of regional integration." Asia and Africa today, no. 5 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750009550-7
McIntyre, Meredith A. "Trade Integration in the East African Community: An Assessment for Kenya." IMF Working Papers 05, no. 143 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451861624.001
Muluvi, Augustus S. "The East African Community Integration Process and Economic Growth of Member Countries." Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 30, no. 2 (2014): 1–17.
Njenga, Lily N. "The legal status of the East African Community (EAC)." RUDN Journal of Law 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2018-22-3-369-383
Njenga, L. N. "Integration in Africa: International Legal Competence of the East African Community in the Economic, Social, and Cultural Sphere." In Supporting Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development in Africa - Volume II, 169–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41983-7_13
Njuguna, Joseph, and Margaret Jjuuko. "A framing analysis of mainstream newspaper coverage of the 2013 ‘Coalition of the Willing’ initiative in East Africa." Journal of African Media Studies 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 241–54.
Nnyanzi, John Bosco, Peter Babyenda, and John Mayanja Bbale. "Regional Economic Integration and Tax Revenue: East African Community." Journal of Economic Integration 31, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 932–67.
Nzioka, Onesmus Mutunga. "Investigating the Relationship Between Financial Integration and Economic Growth in the East African Community." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 19 (July 31, 2017): 249.
Nzioka, Onesmus Mutunga, Erasmus Kaijage, and Duncan Elly Ochieng. "Financial Integration, Macroeconomic Volatility And Economic Growth In The East African Community." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 19 (July 31, 2017): 317.
Renner, Julia. "New Power Structures and Shifted Governance Agendas Disrupting Climate Change Adaptation Developments in Kenya and Uganda."Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072799
Okolo, Julius Emeka. "Integrative and cooperative regionalism: the economic community of West African states." International Organization 39, no. 1 (1985): 121–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300004884
Oluoch, LO Wauna. "Legitimacy of the East African Community." Journal of African Law 53, no. 2 (September 18, 2009): 194–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855309990039
Onoria, Henry. "Locus Standi of Individuals and Non-State Entities Before Regional Economic Integration Judicial Bodies in Africa." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 18, no. 2 (September 2010): 143–69.
Oucho, John. "Prospects for free movement in the East African Community." Regions and Cohesion 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030306
Wanjala, Kevin, and Pamella Gogo. "The Effect of Financial Deepening on Economic Growth in the East African Community." Finance & Economics Review 2, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i2.121
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Some rights reserved 2024 African Journal on Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The African Journal on Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences (AJLP&GS) is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Authors with free access retain the copyright of their manuscripts. All open access manuscripts are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc. in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that applicable laws and regulations do not protect these names. Even though the advice and information in this journal are true and accurate as of the date of its publication, neither the authors, the editor, nor the publisher can assume any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions.
