Sécurité foncière, productivité agricole et sécurité alimentaire: Cas du Togo et extension aux pays de la CEDEAO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48346/IMIST.PRSM/ajlp-gs.v7i1.45500Keywords:
Oaxaca-Blinder, ménage agricole, productivité agricole, sécurité foncière, sécurité alimentaire, Togo, CEDEAO.Abstract
Contexte et justification
Les pays africains ont entrepris des vastes initiatives de plus en plus ambitieuses ces dernières années visant à promouvoir l'enregistrement des terres afin de garantir les droits de propriété et d'occupation des terres. En théorie, la reconnaissance des droits de propriété devrait favoriser la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire. Cependant, les preuves empiriques du lien entre la sécurité foncière, la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages restent ambigües.
But et objectifs
C’est dans cette dynamique que cette présente recherche se fixe comme objectif d'étudier l’effet de la sécurité foncière sur la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages agricoles en se basant sur l’évidence du Togo, puis par extension aux pays de la CEDEAO. Plus précisément, elle vise à (i) identifier les déterminants de la sécurité foncière des ménages agricoles, (ii) analyser l’effet de la sécurité foncière sur la productivité agricole et sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages agricoles selon le genre.
Méthodologie
Le papier s’appuie sur la technique de décomposition d’Oaxaca-Blinder et son extension non linéaire avec la méthode d’appariement par score de propension (PSM) comme robustesse avec les données principalement issues de l’Enquête Harmonisée sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages (EHCVM) du Togo et de certains pays de la CEDEAO réalisée en 201-2019.
Résultats
Les résultats empiriques révèlent que le fait d'être une femme réduit la probabilité d'obtenir un papier sécurisant sa parcelle. Cependant, le capital humain du chef du ménage augmente la probabilité de détenir un titre foncier. Les résultats révèlent des inégalités selon le genre en matière de la productivité agricole et d’insécurité alimentaire chez les ménages agricoles. Toutefois, la détention d'un papier sécurisant sa parcelle est censée réduire cette inégalité en améliorant la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages agricoles. Les résultats confirment la nécessité de développer les marchés fonciers afin de faciliter le transfert des terres, dans le cadre des mesures visant à améliorer la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages dans les pays de la CEDEAO.
References
Abdulai, A., Owusu, V., & Goetz, R. (2011). Land tenure differences and investment in land improvement measures : Theoretical and empirical analyses. Journal of Development Economics, 96(1), 66‑78.
Aberra, A., & Chemin, M. (2021). Does legal representation increase investment? Evidence from a field experiment in Kenya. Journal of Development Economics, 150, 102612.
Aguilar, A., Carranza, E., Goldstein, M., Kilic, T., & Oseni, G. (2015). Decomposition of gender differentials in agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics, 46(3), 311‑334.
Ajefu, J. B., & Abiona, O. (2020). The mitigating impact of land tenure security on drought-induced food insecurity : Evidence from rural Malawi. The Journal of Development Studies, 56(12), 2169‑2193.
Asfaw, S. (2010). Estimating welfare effect of modern agricultural technologies : A micro-perspective from Tanzania and Ethiopia. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nairobi, Kenya.
Atwood, D. A. (1990). Land registration in Africa : The impact on agricultural production. World Development, 18(5), 659‑671.
Bellemare, M. F. (2013). The productivity impacts of formal and informal land rights : Evidence from Madagascar. Land Economics, 89(2), 272‑290.
Besley, T. (1995). Property rights and investment incentives : Theory and evidence from Ghana. Journal of political Economy, 103(5), 903‑937.
Blinder, A. S. (1973). Wage discrimination : Reduced form and structural estimates. Journal of Human resources, 436‑455.
Broussard, N. H. (2019). What explains gender differences in food insecurity? Food Policy, 83, 180-194.
Cafiero, C., Viviani, S., & Nord, M. (2018). Food security measurement in a global context : The food insecurity experience scale. Measurement, 116, 146‑152.
Chand, S., & Yala, C. (2009). Land tenure and productivity : Farm-level evidence from Papua New Guinea. Land Economics, 85(3), 442‑453.
Chankrajang, T. (2015). Partial land rights and agricultural outcomes : Evidence from Thailand. Land Economics, 91(1), 126‑148.
Cotula, L., Toulmin, C., & Hesse, C. (2004). Land tenure and administration in Africa : Lessons of experience and emerging issues. International Institute for Environment and Development London.
Doss, C. R., & Morris, M. L. (2000). How does gender affect the adoption of agricultural innovations? The case of improved maize technology in Ghana. Agricultural economics, 25(1), 27‑39.
Fairlie, R. W. (1999). The absence of the African-American owned business : An analysis of the dynamics of self-employment. Journal of labor Economics, 17(1), 80‑108.
Fairlie, R. W. (2006). An extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique to logit and probit models. Journal of economic and social measurement, 30(4), 305‑316.
FAO. (2011). FAO/Food and Agriculture Organization. The state of food and agriculture 2010–2011. Women in agri- culture : Closing the gender gap for development. Rome : FAO; 2011. - Recherche Google. FAO, Rome.
FAO, F. (2018). SDG Indicator 2.1.2—Using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). FAO.
Farnworth, C. R., & Colverson, K. E. (2015). Building a gender-transformative extension and advisory facilitation system in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Gender, Agriculture and Food Security (Agri-Gender), 1(302-2016‑4749), 20‑39.
Feder, G., & Feeny, D. (1991). Land tenure and property rights : Theory and implications for development policy. The world bank economic review, 5(1), 135‑153.
Feder, G., & Noronha, R. (1987). Land rights systems and agricultural development in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Bank Research Observer, 2(2), 143‑169.
Feder, G., & Onchan, T. (1987). Land ownership security and farm investment in Thailand. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 69(2), 311‑320.
Feder, G., Onchan, T., & Chalamwong, Y. (1988). Land policies and farm performance in Thailand’s forest reserve areas. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 36(3), 483‑501.
Fuentes Cordoba, G. (2017). Land Property Rights and Agricultural Productivity : Evidence from Panama. Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University.
García Hombrados, J., Devisscher, M., & Herreros Martínez, M. (2015). The impact of land titling on agricultural production and agricultural investments in Tanzania : A theory-based approach. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 7(4), 530‑544.
Ghebru, H., & Holden, S. T. (2015). Technical efficiency and productivity differential effects of land right certification : A quasi-experimental evidence. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 54(892-2016‑65239), 1‑31.
Ghebru, H., & Lambrecht, I. (2017). Drivers of perceived land tenure (in) security : Empirical evidence from Ghana. Land Use Policy, 66, 293‑303.
Gnedeka, K. T., & Wonyra, K. O. (2023). New evidence in the relationship between trade openness and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Agriculture & Food Security, 12(1), 31.
Islam, M. M., & Ahmed, S. (2017). Effects of Natural Disaster on Food Availability, Accessibility and Consumption in Household Level of Coastal Villages. Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters, 7(3).
Lawin, K. G., & Tamini, L. D. (2019). Tenure security and farm efficiency analysis correcting for biases from observed and unobserved variables : Evidence from benin. Journal of agricultural economics, 70(1), 116‑134.
Liu, Q. (2012). Unemployment and labor force participation in urban China. China Economic Review, 23(1), 18‑33.
Ma X., Heerink N., van Ierland E., & Shi X. (2016). Land tenure insecurity and rural-urban migration in rural China. Papers in Regional Science, 95(2), 383‑406.
Maxwell, D., Watkins, B., Wheeler, R., & Collins, G. (2003). The coping strategies index : A tool for rapidly measuring food security and the impact of food aid programs in emergencies. Nairobi: CARE Eastern and Central Africa Regional Management Unit and the World Food Programme Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping Unit.
Mbudzya, J. J., Gido, E. O., & Owuor, G. (2023a). Determinants of land tenure security among small-holder farmers in rural Kenya : An ordered probit analysis. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2220232.
Melesse, M. B., & Bulte, E. (2015). Does land registration and certification boost farm productivity? Evidence from Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics, 46(6), 757‑768.
Ngango, J., & Hong, S. (2021). Impacts of land tenure security on yield and technical efficiency of maize farmers in Rwanda. Land Use Policy, 107, 105488.
Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International economic review, 693‑709.
Odeny, M. (2013). Improving Access to Land and strengthening Women’s land rights in Africa. Annual World Bank conference on land and poverty’, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
Owoo, N. S., & Boakye-Yiadom, L. (2015). The Gender Dimension of the Effects of Land Tenure Security on Agricultural Productivity : Some Evidence from two Districts in Kenya. Journal of International Development, 27(7), 917‑928.
Owusu, E. S., & Bravo-Ureta, B. E. (2022). Gender and productivity differentials in smallholder groundnut farming in Malawi : Accounting for technology differences. The Journal of Development Studies, 58(5), 989‑1013.
Place, F., & Hazell, P. (1993). Productivity Effects of Indigenous Land Tenure Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75(1), 10‑19.
Place, F., & Otsuka, K. (2002). Land tenure systems and their impacts on agricultural investments and productivity in Uganda. Journal of Development Studies, 38(6), 105‑128.
Saint Ville, A., Po, J. Y. T., Sen, A., Bui, A., & Melgar-Quiñonez, H. (2019). Food security and the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) : Ensuring progress by 2030. Food Security, 11(3), 483‑491.
Thiesenhusen, W. C. (1995). Land reform lives! The European Journal of Development Research, 7(1), 193‑209.
Wekwete, N. N. (2014). Gender and economic empowerment in Africa : Evidence and policy. Journal of African Economies, 23, i87‑i127.
World Bank. (2014). World Bank. Levelling the field : Improving opportunities for women farmers in Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2014. - Recherche Google.
Yovo, K., & Gnedeka, K. T. (2023). Assess the level and the determinants of household food security in Togo: The food expenditures approach. Scientific African, 20, e01685.
Zereyesus, Y. A. (2017). Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture and Household-Level Health in Northern Ghana : A Capability Approach. Journal of International Development, 29(7), 899‑918.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Some rights reserved 2024 African Journal on Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The African Journal on Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences (AJLP&GS) is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Authors with free access retain the copyright of their manuscripts. All open access manuscripts are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc. in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that applicable laws and regulations do not protect these names. Even though the advice and information in this journal are true and accurate as of the date of its publication, neither the authors, the editor, nor the publisher can assume any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions.
