IMPACTS OF LAND USE/COVER DYNAMICS ON PASTORALISM IN MELELA, MVOMERO DISTRICT, TANZANIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48346/IMIST.PRSM/ajlp-gs.v6i5.41697Keywords:
Land use, land cover, land use land cover change, pastoralism.Abstract
Background
Studies which have been conducted so far have focused on the processes of land use/cover changes in different areas at regional and global scale. Little is known about factors that influence land use/ cover dynamics at finer scales such as Melela ward in Mvomero district, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Goals and Objectives
The overall objective of the study therefore was to evaluate the land use land cover dynamics and their impacts on pastoralism in Melela. Specifically, the study intended to examine land use/cover dynamics from 1991 to 2016, to identify socio-economic factors that influence land use/cover dynamics and to determine the effects of land use/ cover dynamics on pastoral communities and agricultural production.
Methodology
Remote sensed satellite data were used for change detection analysis to assess the spatial and temporal land use/ cover change for the study area. Satellite images were processed and analysed to detect changes in land use/ cover at the site by using change detection analysis technique to evaluate transition in land use/ cover and to estimate changes in the area. A geographical positioning system (GPS) receiver was used for georeferencing the points for supervised classification and accuracy assessment. Change detection analysis and post classification comparison was used for the analysis of data. The analyses involved the application of an algorithm used to detect changes in spectral signature of the image. The products were the matrices and the categories of land use/ cover changes at the site. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyse the social economic data.
Results and Discussion
The study findings indicated a significant change in LULC as evidenced by an increase in agriculture and a loss of woodland within the plain. The period 2000-2016 has shown gains of agriculture and losses of woodland areas. Changes in the crops grown, increased immigrants of pastoralists, population growth, charcoal burning and livestock keeping contributed to an overuse of the existing land resources, which resulted in significant variations in the spatiotemporal patterns of land use changes with respect to specific socio-economic drivers. The assessment of changes in grazing land in Melela has shown that the current patterns are going to increase the existence of pastoralists in the region. Farmers on the other hand feel the grazing pressure brought about by the pastoral immigrants on their farms. The results of this study quantify the dynamics of land use/cover and its drivers on sustainable use of land. In the face of increasing population, pastoralism, and charcoal burning, there is a need for sustainable utilization of land resources.
References
Aquino, D. D., de Andrade, E. M., Lopes, F. B., Teixeira, A. D., and Crisostomo, L. D. (2008). The impact of irrigation over soil-water resources. Revista Ciencia Agronomica 39, 225-232.
Campbell, D. J., Gichohi, H., Mwangi, A. and Chege, L. (2000). Land-Use conflict in Kajiado District, Kenya. Land Use Policy 17: 337-348.
Campbell, D. J., Lusch, D. P., Smucker, T. A. and Wangui, E. E. (2005). Multiple methods in the study of Driving Forces of Land Use and land Cover Change: A Case Study of SE Kajiado District, Kenya. Human Ecology 33:763-794.northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop. J. Sci., 33(2): 75–88.
Coppolillo, P. (2004). a preliminary situation analysis for the rungwa ruaha landscape, Tanzania. A report to WWF International “Improving Conservation and Development within Eco regions Programme.
Csaplovics, E. and Zewdie, W. (2015). Remote Sensing based multi-temporal land cover classification and change detection in north western Ethiopia. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 48: 121-139.
Flintan, F. (2011). “Broken lands, broken lives?” Causes, processes and impacts of land fragmentation in the rangelands of Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. Nairobi: REGLAP.
Flintan Fiona (2019). A contextual analysis for village land use planning in Tanzania’s Bagamoyo and Chalinze districts, Pwani region and Mvomero and Kilosa districts, Morogoro region . Sustainable Rangeland Management Project.
Hu, H., Liu, W. and Cao, M. (2008). Impact of land use and land cover changes on ecosystem services in Menglun, Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 146(1 -3): 147-156.
Kihupi, N.I, Tarimo, A.K.P.R., Masika, R.J., Boman, B. and Dick, W.A. (2015). Trend of growing season characteristics of semi-arid Arusha District in Tanzania. Journal of Agricultural Science 7(9): 45-55. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v7n9p45.
Kennedy Sakimba Kimiti,David Western, Judith Syombua Mbau and Oliver Vivian Wasonga (2018). Impacts of long-term land-use changes on herd size and mobility among pastoral households in Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya. Ecological Processes (2018) 7:4, DOI 10.1186/s13717-018-0115-y
Kisoza, L. J. A. (2007). The role of local institutions in the management of agropastoral and pastoral systems: a case study of Mkata plains, Kilosa district and Ngorongoro conservation area Ngorongoro district, Tanzania. A thesis for Award degree of doctor of philosophy of the sokoine university of agriculture. 55 - 70 pp.
Lambin, E. F., Geist, H. J. and Lepers, E. (2003). Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in tropical regions. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 28(1): 205-241.
Lambin, E. F., Helmut, J. G. and Erika, L. (2003) dynamics of land use and land cover change in tropical regions Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 2003. 28: 205–41.
Lankester, F. and Davis, A. (2016). Pastoralism and wildlife: historical and current perspectives in the East African rangelands of Kenya and Tanzania. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 2016, 35 (2): 473–484.
Lemenih, M., Kassa, H., Tesfahun, G., Getnet, D. and Worku, T. (2012) - Resettlement and woodland management problems and options: a case study from northwestern Ethiopia. Land Degradation and Development, 25: 305-318.
Lu, D., Qihao, W., Emilio, M., Guiying, L. and Scot, H. (2011). Advances in Environmental Remote sensing; Sensor, algorithms and applications, Edited by Qihao Weng. 2011, Taylor and Francis Group, LL, NW, Remote sensing image classification.
Lyoba, H. K. (2009). Land degradation in refugees settlement areas: Case of Ulyankulu, Urambo District, Tabora Region, Tanzania. Dissertation for the Award of MSc Degree at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. 145pp.
MEA (2005). "Millenium Ecosystems Assessment: Ecosystems and human well-being," Island Press Washington, DC.
Mbogoni, J. D. J. and Ley, G. J. (2008). Characterisation of some benchmark soils of Morogoro rural and mvomero Districts, Tanzania. In: Bioearn / Mari project on Al tolerance and P uptake in sorghum. Mlingano Agricultural research institute Tanga, Tanzania.
Msoffe, F. U., Kifugo, S. C., Said, M. Y., Neselle, M., van Gardingen, P., Reid, R. S., Ogutu, J. O., Herero, M. and deLeeuw, J. (2010). Drivers and impacts of land use change in the Maasai Steppe of NorthernTanzania: an ecological-social-political analysis. Journal of Land Use Science.
Nangware Kajia Msofe , Lianxi Sheng and James Lyimo 4 (2019). and Use Change Trends and Their Driving Forces in the Kilombero Valley Floodplain, outheastern Tanzania
Olson, J. M., Misana S., Campbell D. J., Mbonile, M. and Mugisha, S. (2004). The Spatial Patterns and Root Causes of Land Use Change in East Africa. Land Use Change Impacts and Dynamics LUCID Project Working Paper 47. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute.
Pontius Jr., R. G., Shusas, E. and McEachern, M. (2004) - Detecting important categorical land changes while accounting for persistence. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 101: 251-268.
Sternberg, T. (2008). Environmental challenges in Mongolia‘s dryland pastoral landscape. Journal of Arid Environments, 72(7): 1294-1304.
Sulieman, H. M. and Elagib, N. A. (2012). Implications of climate, land-use and Land cover changes for pastoralism in eastern Sudan. J. Arid Environ, 85: 132–141.
Tsoxo, M. J. (2006). Land use conflict between Pastoralist and Farmers in Kilosa District. Dissertation for Award of MA Degree at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. 74pp.
Turner II, B. L., Lambin, E. F. and Reenberg, A. (2007). The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability. PNAS 104.
URT (United Republic of Tanzania) (1997). National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP). Government Printer, Dar es Salaam. 53 pp.
Wassena, F. J., Mbeho, A., Kimambo, A. E., Maass, B. L. and Lukuyu, B. (2013). Report of a Feed Assessment 1 – Mvomero District, Morogoro Region, the United Republic of Tanzania, Report. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Morogoro and Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Tanga, Tanzania. 18 pp.
Wezel, A. and Haigis, J. (2000). Farmers' perception of vegetation changes in semiarid Niger. Land Degradation Dev., 11: 523–534.CH Open Access (2018
