Impact of land access and ownership on farm production: Empirical evidence from gender analysis in Southwestern Nigeria

Abdulrazaq Kamal Daudu, Bola Amoke Awotide, Lateef Lawal Adefalu, Oyedola Waheed Kareem, Latifat Kehinde Olatinwo

Abstract


Millions of poor people who live in rural areas and rely on agriculture for a living need secure access to productive land. Gender disparities in access to productive resources, such as agricultural land, remain a major concern, especially in Nigeria. This study therefore, investigated the impact of land access and ownership on farm production across gender in Southwest Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a total of 480 respondents comprising of 240 male headed households and 240 female headed households across the three states in Southwest Nigeria. Cross-sectional data were obtained through structured questionnaire and subjected to statistical analysis such as propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA), and instrumental variable (IV) regression approach to control for possible endogeneity that could arise from the data collected. Farm yield of household heads was used as indicator to estimate the impact of land access and land ownership. Results show that most (56.7%) of male and 46.4% of female headed households acquired land through family inheritance. The significant difference existed between farm yield gained by male and female headed households due to their level of land access and land ownership at 5%. The size of the estimated treatment effect indicates a high improvement in the farm yield outcome of male headed households compared their female counterparts. Also, findings show that marital status, level of education, access to credit, and membership of association all had a positive and statistically significant relationship with both male and female headed households’ access to land and land ownership at various levels. This study thus, conclude that there were gender differences in land accessibility and ownership in the study area as male headed households were found to have more access to farm land than their female counterparts. Reliable data on male and female headed households’ access to land and land ownership are critical for providing an accurate picture of female headed households’ land tenure arrangement, improving policy formulation and monitoring progress towards the attainment of gender equality in land access is hence encouraged. Also, group formation and membership should be promoted and encouraged especially among female headed households to enhance their purchasing power through access to credit, and common voice in accessing communal lands.

Keywords


Gender, Impact assessment, land access, ownership, income, yield

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdoulaye, T., Wossen, T., & Awotide, B. (2018). Impacts of improved maize varieties in Nigeria: Ex-post assessment of productivity and welfare outcomes. Food Security, 10, 369 379.

Adekola, A. G., Adereti, F. O., Koledoye, G. F., & Owombo, P.T. (2013). Gender discrimination in Agricultural land access: Implications for food security in Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics Vol. 5(2), pp. 49-56, February 2013. Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JDAE. DOI: 10.5897/JDAE12.048, ISSN 2006- 9774 ©2013 Academic Journals

Adesugba, M. A., and Mavrotas, G. (2016). Delving Deeper into the Agricultural Transformation and Youth Employment Nexus: The Nigerian Case. Nigeria Strategy Support Program Working Paper 31. Washington DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Alarima, C., Fabusoro, E., Kolawole, A., Uzoma, K., Aromolaran, A., Masunaga, T, et al. (2012). Land rights and rental systems: Implications for management of conflicts related to land in Sawah-based rice production systems in Nigeria. African Study Monographs. 2012;33(3): 189-208.

Ali, D.A., & Deininger, K. (2015). Is There a Farm Size–Productivity Relationship in African Agriculture? Evidence from Rwanda. Land Economics 91 (2): 317–43.

Aluko, B.T., & Amidu, A.R. (2006). “Women and Land Rights Reforms in Nigeria.” Paper presented at 5th FIG Regional Conference: Promoting Land Administration and Good Governance, Accra, Ghana, March 8-11.

Ariyo, J.A., & Mortimore, M. (2011). “Land Deals and Commercial Agriculture in Nigeria: The New Nigerian Farms in Shonga District, Kwara State.” Paper presented at the International Conference on Global Land Grabbing, 6–8 April. Sussex, UK: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.

Babalola, S., Abdulrahman, A., Choon, L., & Van Oostorom, P (2015). Possibilities of Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) Implementation in Nigeria. In: Joint International Geoinformation Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences; 2015. pp. 1-9

Chibwana, C., Fisher, M., & Shively, G. (2012). Cropland allocation effects of agricultural input subsidies in Malawi. World Development, 40(1), 124–133.

Deininger, K., Songqing, J., and Xia, F. (2011). Moving Off the Farm: Institutional Preconditions for Agricultural Productivity Growth and Non-Agricultural Development in China. Policy Research Working Paper, Washington, DC.

Deininger, K, Hilhorst, T and Songwe, V. (2014). Identifying and addressing land governance constraints to support intensification and land market operation: evidence from 10 African countries. Food Policy, 48, (2014) 76–87.

Douglas, K.; Singh, A.; Zvenyika, K. (2017). Perceptions of Swaziland’s youth towards farming: A case of manzini region. For. Res. Eng. Int. J. 2017, 1, 1–8.

Edu, O. K. (2016). A Critical Analysis of the Laws of Inheritance in the Southern States of Nigeria. Journal of African Law, 60(1), 141-155.

Ekenta, C.M, Mahammed, A.B and Afolabi, K O (2012). Gender Analysis of Land Ownership Structures and Agricultural Production in Imo State, Nigeria, Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development Vol 3 (9), 67-73.

Ersado, L., Amacher, G.S., & Alwang, J. (2004). Productivity and land enhancing technologies in northern Ethiopia: Health, public investments, and sequential adoption. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 86 (2), 321-331.

FAO. (2003). Multilingual Thesaurus on Land Tenure (English Version). Rome, Italy.

FAO. (2014). “Food security for sustainable development and urbanization”. Inputs for FAO. http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/integration/pdf/foodandagricultureorganization.pdf.

Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. The Future of Food and Agriculture. Trends and Challenges. Rome: FAO; 2017

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The Agriculture Promotion Policy (2016–2020): Building on the Successes of the ATA, Closing Key Gaps. Abuja: FMARD;2016.

Frank F, Byamugisha, K, and Yaw, A. (2017). Securing land tenure and access for the youth to modernize African Agriculture Paper for the 14-17 November 2017 Land Policy in Africa conference in Addis Ababa.

Gutu T., Emana B. and Ketema, M. (2012). Analysis of vulnerability and resilience to climate change induced shocks in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Agricultural Sciences, 3 (6), 871-888.

Holden, S. T., & Otsuka, K. (2014). The roles of land tenure reforms and land markets in the context of population growth and land use intensification in Africa. Food Policy, 48, 88 97.

Hull, S., Sehume, T., & Sothafile, L. (2016). Land allocation, boundary demarcation and tenure security in tribal areas of South Africa. South African Journal of Geomatics. 2016;5(1):68-81. DOI:10.4314/sajg.v5il.5

Imbens, G. W., & Wooldridge, J. W. (2009). Recent developments in the econometrics of program development. Journal of Economic Literature, 47(1), 5–86.

International Fund for Agricultural Development, IFAD (2008) Improving Access to land and Tenure Security: Policy, Rome.

Isaac B. O., Omowunmi, T., and Ayodeji, O.O. (2019). Land Acquisition and Use in Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable Food and Livelihood Security. IntechOpen, http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79997

Issahaku, G., & Abdulai, A. (2019). Can farm households improve food and nutrition security through adoption of climate-smart practices? Empirical evidence from Northern Ghana. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 1–22.

Jayne, T., Chamberlin, J., & Headey, D. D. (2014). Land pressures, the evolution of farming systems, and development strategies in Africa: A synthesis. Food Policy, 48, 1–17.

Lawanson, T.O. (2010). Gender differentials in Nigeria: Implications for sustainable development. J. Extension. Syst. 21(1):46-57.

Mabogunje, A. L. (2010). Land Reform in Nigeria: progress, problems & prospects. In Annual Conference on Land Policy and Administration. World Bank.

National Bureau of Statistics; World Bank and Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2016). LSMS-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture General Household Survey Panel 2015/2016 report. Abuja: NBS; 2016.

Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (2017). Demographic Statistics Bulletin. 2017. Available online: https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/775 (accessed on 12 March 2021).

Nigerian Employment in Agriculture (2019). Available online:

https://tradingeconomics.com/nigeria/employment-inagriculture-percent-of-total-employment-wb-data.html (accessed on 11 November 2020).

National Population Commission (2018). Nigeria’s Population Hits 198 Million People. 2018 (January 15). Retrieved March 30, 2020, from National Population Commission: http://population.gov.ng/nigerias-population-hit-198m-people-npopc-chairman/

Nuhu, M. (2009). New development in land administration and surveying matters in Nigeria. In: Fig Commission 7 Conference on Cadastre and Land Management. Kuala Lumpur, Malayia: Fig Commission 7; 2009. pp. 1-17.

Odoemelam, L., Osahon, E., & Nechedo, E. (2013). Effect of tenure security on livelihood activities of women farmers in Anambra state, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences. 2013; 13(2):94-100

Oladapo, O., & Olajide, O (2015). Land-income-nutrition nexus: Implication for food security of rural households in Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability. 2015;8(2):29-42.

Olanrewaju, O., Osabohien, R., & Fasakin, J (2020). The Anchor Borrowers Programme and youth rice farmers in Northern Nigeria. Agricultural Finance Review. Emerald Publishing Limited 0002-1466 DOI 10.1108/AFR-03-2020-0039

Oloyede, S., Ayedun, C., Oni, A.S., & Oluwatobi, A. (2014). Land market challenges: The case of Ifo/Ota local government area of Ogun state, Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 2014;5(12):208-214

Omole, F. (2009). Land use violations: Implications for sustainable development, the case study of the Federal Capital City Abuja, Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences. 2009; 1(1):31-37.

Omuojine, E (1999). The land use act and the English doctrine of estate. Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Surveyors and Valuers. 1999;22(3):54-56

Oni, B. A. (2014). Discriminatory Property Inheritance Rights Under the Yoruba and Igbo Customary Law in Nigeria: The Need for Reforms. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(2), 30-43.

Onumadu, F.N. and Osahon, E.E. (2014), “Socio-economic determinants of adoption of improved rice technology by farmers in ayamelum local government area of Anambra state, Nigeria”, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 308 314.

Quisumbing, A. R., Meinzen-Dick, R., Raney, T. L., Croppenstedt, A., Behrman, J. A., & Peterman, A. (2014). Closing the knowledge gap on gender in agriculture. In Gender in Agriculture (pp. 3-27). Springer, Netherlands.

Ricker-Gilbert, J., Jayne, T. S., & Chirwa, E. (2011). Subsidies and crowding out: A double hurdle model of fertilizer demand in Malawi. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 93(1), 26–42.

Ricker-Gilbert, J., Mason, N. M., Darko, F. A., & Tembo, S. T. (2013). What are the effects of input subsidy programs on maize prices? Evidence from Malawi and Zambia. Agricultural Economics, 44(6), 671–686.

Robins, J. M., & Rotnitzky, A. (1995). Semiparametric efficiency in multivariate regression models with missing data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(429), 122–129.

Robins, J., Sued, M., Lei-Gomez, Q., & Rotnitzky, A. (2007). Comment: Performance of double robust estimators when‘‘ inverse probability” weights are highly variable. Statistical Science, 544–559.

Shiferaw, B., Tesfaye, K., Kassie, M., Abate, T., Prasanna, B., & Menkir, A. (2014). Managing vulnerability to drought and enhancing livelihood resilience in sub-Saharan Africa: Technological, institutional and policy options. Weather and Climate Extremes, 3, 67–79.

Shively, G., Chibwana, C., Fisher, M., Jumbe, C., Masters, W. (2012). Measuring impacts of Malawi’s farm input subsidy program. Paper presented at the International Conference of Agricultural Economists. Foz du Iguacu Brazil, 20 August 2012.

Tesfamicheal W, Tahirou AA, Alene S, Feleke J, Ricker-Gilbert VM, Bola AA (2017). Productivity and Welfare Effects of Nigeria's eVoucher-Based Input Subsidy Program. World Development 97:251-265

Tsue P.T., Nweze N.J. and Okoye C.U. (2014). Effects of arable land tenure and use on environmental sustainability in North-Central Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability, 6 (1), 14-38

Twene, S.K. (2016). Land Grabbing and rural livelihood sustainability: experiences from the buit dam construction in Ghana. A Master of Philosophy Thesis submitted to the Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology for the award of Master of Philosophy Degree, 2016, pp. 1-147.

Twumasi, M.A., Jiang, Y., Acheampong, M.O (2019). Determinants of agriculture participation among tertiary institution youths in Ghana. J. Agric. Ext. Rural. Dev. 2019, 11, 56–66.

Udoekanem, N., Adoga, D., & Onwumare, V. (2014). Land ownership in Nigeria: Historical development, current issues and future expectations. Journal of Environment and Earth Science. 2014;4(2):182-187.

Wooldridge, J. M. (2007). Inverse probability weighted estimation for general missing data problems. Journal of Econometrics, 141(2), 1281–1301.

Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. The MIT Press.

Wossen, T., Berger, T., & Di Falco, S. (2015). Social capital, risk preference and adoption of improved farm land management practices in Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics, 46, 81–97.

Wossen, T., Abdoulaye, T., Alene, A., Feleke, S., Menkir, A., & Manyong, V. (2017). Measuring the impacts of adaptation strategies to drought stress: The case of drought tolerant maize varieties. Journal of Environmental Management, 203, 106–113.

Zoysa, R (2015). The Implications of Large Land Acquisition on Smallholder’s Food Security. London: Development Planning Unit of University College London; 2015




DOI: https://doi.org/10.48346/IMIST.PRSM/ajlp-gs.v5i1.29079

Bookmark and Share


E-ISSN : 2657-2664