Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study of Pb(II) Amputation by River Sediment

Abstract

The presence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment has been a big deal to scientists due to their increased discharge, toxic nature, and other adverse effects on receiving waters. Even a very low concentration of lead in water is very toxic to aquatic life. Lead poisoning in human cause’s severe damage to the kidney, nervous system, reproductive system, liver, and brain causes sickness or death. The main sources of lead in water are the effluents of processing industries. The present research was aimed at modelling the use of sediment as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb²⁺ ions by adsorption to obtain equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic parameters. The experimental results show that the equilibrium contact time was obtained within 60 minutes and the maximum adsorption capacity was found at 2g sediment and 1M Pb(NO₃)₂ system. The dynamic data fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The Linear isotherm model agrees well with the equilibrium experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters were also deduced for the adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions onto sediment and the results show that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic, while the mechanism was proposed to obey physical adsorption (physisorption).